Germany to Pakistan: Banning terror groups not enough
Germany on Friday offered India assistance in combating terrorism and underlined that Pakistan needs to do much more than banning militant outfits to wipe out the scourge originating from that country.
“Banning is not enough to forbid others from committing terrorist attacks. Maybe it's not sufficient. They need to do more,” visiting German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schäuble told reporters here when asked whether banning front outfits like Jamaat-ud-Dawah, a public front for Lashkar-e-Taiba suspected of masterminiding the Mumbai massacre, by Pakistan was enough to stop terrorism flowing from that country.
Schäuble, who was on a day-long visit to India, held talks with his Indian counterpart P Chidambaram and National Security Adviser MK Narayanan on strengthening counter-terror cooperation between India and Germany in the wake of the Nov 26 Mumbai terror strikes that killed 179 people, including three Germans. He also called on Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and conveyed Germany's full support to India in the fight against terrorism.
“We are ready to send experts and special forces to India to deal with terrorism,” he said when asked about discussions with his Indian interlocutors. The German minister underlined the need for creating a federal agency that brings together police, intelligence and coastal authorities - and for new communication technologies to intercept sensitive messages.
“In some states, the government is not in full control of parts of its intelligence services, even in mature democracies,” Schäuble replied when asked whether he suspected the involvement of Pakistan's spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in planning the Mumabi terror attacks, which India believes were masterminded and executed by elements from Pakistan.
The German minister, however, chose to be circumspect when asked whether he thought the terrorists targeting Mumbai came from Pakistan. “It's an ongoing investigation. It's a matter for Indian authorities to decide who are the attackers,” he said.
However, Schäuble said that on the face of it “appeared an Islamic terrorist network that originated in Pakistan".
“We have to support the Pakistan government in the fight against terrorism,” he said.

Arrests won't affect us, jihad will continue: Lashkar

A Lashkar-e-Toiba coordinator has said that the arrest of at least 20 Jamaat-ud-Dawa activists, including the purported mastermind of the Mumbai Terror attacks, Zaki-u-Rehman Lakhvi, on the outskirts of Muzaffarabad, will not stop the militant outfit from continuing with its activities.
"We are still well-organized and active," the ‘Washington Times’ quoted the Lashkar coordinator, as saying during an interaction at a safe house near Lahore.
The Lashkar fighter in Lahore said the group has "huge strength" and is concentrated in Pakistan's tribal areas on the border with Afghanistan.
He ran his fingers through his bushy beard as he sat in a dingy room for the interview, surrounded by boys’ ages 15 to 20 that listened intently as he spoke.
The man stood uncomfortably against the wall throughout the interview, his eyes avoiding contact with the interviewer.
"The Lashkar definitely has the capability and the capacity to conduct attacks such as those which took place in Mumbai," said Rasool Baksh Raees, a political science professor at the Lahore University of Management Sciences.

Cong set to win Delhi, Rajasthan; BJP retains MP

As the counting continues in five states Congress seems all set to form the Government in Rajasthan and Delhi while BJP is having a clear lead in Madhya Pradesh even as the two parties race neck to neck in Chhattisgarh.
The early trends in the Assembly polls for the five states indicate Congress forging ahead in 66 seats of BJP- ruled Rajasthan where the saffron party was ahead only in 36 seats.
In Delhi, the Sheila Dikshit-led Congress is far ahead in the trends leading in 20 seats as against 11 of the BJP. In three seats, 'others' are ahead -- two LJP and one BSP.
However two Delhi ministers Raj Kumar Chauhan and Haroon Yousuf are trailing.
In Mizoram, the first result went in favour of Lalthanwala of Congress when he won the South Tui Pui seat by a margin of 96 votes. In the state, Congress was leading in three and MNF in two.
In Chhatisgarh, the BJP is slightly ahead of the Congress with early trends indicating that the saffron party was leading in 30 seats and Congress 28.

Assembly polls: Congress ahead in 3 states, BJP in 2

New Delhi, Dec 08: The Congress appears to be heading towards victory in Rajasthan and Mizoram and within handshaking distance of power in the national capital Delhi, while the BJP is leading the race in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh as per trends available following the start of counting of votes this morning for the just-concluded Assembly Elections. The major upset appears to be in Rajasthan, where the BJP government headed by Vasundhara Raje is trailing behind the Congress which may come back to power after a gap of five years.

Rajasthan In 200-member Rajasthan Assembly, Congress is leading in 105 seats while the BJP is ahead in 72 in trends available for all the constituencies. Mayawati-led BSP was ahead in 6 seats, while CPI(M) was leading in two and JD(U) and SP in one each. Others were leading in 13 seats. AICC general secretary Ashok Gehlot, who spearheaded the party's campaign in the state, and Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje were leading from their Sardarpura and Jhalrapatan constituencies respectively. Rajasthan Assembly Speaker Sumitra Singh was trailing behind the Congress candidate in Mandawa constituency.

Delhi In Delhi, Sheila Dikshit appeared to be on the verge of creating a hat trick as the ruling Congress has won three seats and is leading at 35 other constituencies, while BJP is ahead in 26 seats in the 70-member Assembly. Mukesh Sharma of Congress was the first to emerge victorious in the Delhi Assembly polls by defeating his nearest rival BJP's Pawan Sharma in Uttam Nagar by a margin of 7,187 votes. Sharma, who is entering the Assembly for the fourth consecutive term, has shifted to Uttam Nagar constituency following delimitation. Another two-time MLA who won this time was Mahabal Mishra. He defeated his nearest BJP rival Pradyuman Rajput by 13,981 votes. Ministers A K Walia (Laxmi Nagar), Arvinder Singh Lovely (Gandhi Nagar), Yoganand Shastri (Mehrauli), Harun Yusuf (Ballimaran) and Raj Kumar Chouhan (Mangolpuri) were ahead in the race. Delhi Assembly Speaker Chaudhury Prem Singh, who has never lost an election since 1958, is leading in Ambedkar Nagar. Delhi BJP president Harsh Vardhan is trailing in Krishna Nagar constituency.

Madhya Pradesh BJP appeared on its way to retain power in Madhya Pradesh having established leads in 125 of the 230 seats in the State Assembly as per the latest available trends. The Congress was trailing behind with a lead in 67 seats while others were ahead in 23 constituencies. Factors like anti-incumbency, intra-party rivalry and challenge posed by former party leader Uma Bharti seemed to have had no impact on the ruling BJP, according to party leaders. Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan was ahead in Budhni. Uma Bharti's Bharatiya Janshakti Party was trailing in all the 216 seats it contested, including in Tikamgarh where Bharti is in fray.

Chhattisgarh The race for power in Chhattisgarh appeared headed for a tight finish with ruling BJP and its principal challenger Congress having established lead in 44 and 42 constituencies respectively in the 90-member Assembly. With a party needing 46 seats to secure a simple majority in the 90-member Assembly, BJP was ahead in 44 seats while Congress in 42. Other parties were ahead in four seats -- BSP in two and NCP and CPI in one each. Among the political heavyweights of the two main parties who are leading are Chief Minister Raman Singh in Rajnandgaon, his predecessor Ajit Jogi in Marwahi, Home Minister Ram Vichar Netam in Ramanujganj (ST), Speaker Prem Prakash Pandey in Bhilai city, Sports Minister Brij Mohan Agarwal (Raipur City South) and Health Minister Amar Agarwal (Bilaspur). However, state BJP chief Vishnu Dev Sahai was trailing in Pathalganj constituency after having led initially against senior Congress leader Rampukar Singh.

Mizoram The Congress appeared inching towards a victory in Mizoram after being in political wilderness for a decade, winning 10 seats and leading in seven constituencies with the ruling Mizo National Front (MNF) on its way out. The state has 40 seats. Former three-time Chief Minister and Congress leader of Mizoram Lalthanhawla won both the seats he contested winning the South Tipui seat against F Lalthanzuala of the ruling Mizo National Front (MNF) by 96 votes and the Serchhip Assembly seat by 952 votes. PC Lalthanliana of the Congress won the Lunglei North seat defeating his nearest MNF rival by 705 votes, while Congress candidate RL Pianmawia won the Tuivawl seat. He defeated his MNF rival by 473 votes. According to available trends, the main opposition Congress is leading in seven seats and the MNF is ahead by a slender margin in two constituencies. The fight for political supremacy is between the MNF and the Congress. The MNF was in power in Mizoram for the last two terms and was expecting a third straight term. In the 2003 assembly elections, the ruling MNF secured 21 seats while Congress bagged 12 and seven went to other smaller parties. Most of the states where the counting is being held are those where Congress and the BJP are major contenders for power and the outcome may help gauge the voter mood ahead of the general elections due early next year although issues involved would be different.

Courtesy Zee news

Pak agrees to act against LeT within 48 hrs: Report

Pakistan has agreed to a 48-hour timetable set by India and the United States to formulate a plan to take action against Lashker-e-Toiba (LeT) and to arrest at least three Pakistanis who Indian authorities say are linked to the multiple attacks in Mumbai, a top US daily reported citing a top Pakistani official. The official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of diplomatic sensitivities, said India has also asked Pakistan to arrest and hand over LeT commander Zaki ur-Rehman Lakhwi and former chief of Pakistans spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Hamid Gul in connection with the probe into Mumbai carnage, which killed nearly 200 people, the Washington Post reported today.

Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, who has expressed his country's solidarity with India, is expected to review plans by his nation's top military and intelligence officials and follow through on India's demands, the official said. "The next 48 hours are critical," the official was quoted as saying by the influential US daily.

A week after the terrorist assault in the Indian financial capital, Indian officials have stepped up their efforts to make a clear case of link between the carnage and Pakistani elements. According to the Post, a high-level source in the Indian government, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said India has "clear and incontrovertible proof" that LeT an carries out the attacks and that the group's leaders were trained and supported by Pakistan's ISI.

Indian and US investigators have identified Yusuf Muzammil, a Let leader, as the mastermind behind the attacks, and US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has asked Pakistan to hand him and other suspects over, the report said.

Islamabad has assured the Indian leadership of its complete co-operation in probing the Mumbai attacks and offered to form a joint commission headed by the National Security Advisors of the two countries, Gilani told a delegation of US Senators led by Republican John McCain.

Courtesy : ZEE news

India will launch airstrikes if Pak doesn't act: McCain

Islamabad, Dec 07: US Senator John McCain has said he believes that if Pakistan does not act against individuals and groups linked to the Mumbai terror attacks, it could be a "matter of days" before India carries out surgical strikes against such elements.

There is enough evidence of the involvement of former Inter-Services Intelligence officers in the planning and execution of the Mumbai attacks and terrorist training camps are still operational in Pakistan, McCain told a small group of senior Pakistani journalists at an informal lunch in Lahore yesterday.

Ejaz Haider, a senior editor with a Pakistani daily, quoted McCain as saying that he believed it could be a "matter of days" before India carried out surgical air strikes if Pakistan did not act on the evidence provided to it on elements linked to the attacks. McCain also said that the terrorist training camps were being emptied "as we speak", Haider told a News channel.

Referring to the terror training camps as "red dots on the map", McCain indicated that their number had increased since the time the US launched its campaign in Afghanistan in the wake of the 9/11 attacks.

McCain, who unsuccessfully contested the US presidential election, arrived in Pakistan with two other senior Senators on Friday after a brief visit to India. Referring to his meeting with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, McCain said the Indian leader, who is not easily ruffled, had appeared visibly angry.

In a report in the Daily Times, Haider wrote McCain had said that if "Pakistan does not act, and act fast, to arrest the involved people, India will be left with no option but to conduct aerial operations against select targets in Pakistan".McCain said this is what he and the other Senators were told by Manmohan Singh, who, as McCain put it, was "reeling from the shock" of the attacks.

"The democratic government of India is under pressure and it will be a matter of days after they have given the evidence to Pakistan to use the option of force if Islamabad fails to act against the terrorists," McCain said.

He stressed that if Pakistan does not do anything at this point to find and arrest the "bad guys", India will have no option but to use force. The US Senate delegation later travelled to Islamabad, where they met Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani, Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi and other top leaders.

Courtesy : ZEE news

Mumbai terror attacks: Intelligence failed, says Chidambaram

Union Home Minister P Chidambaram on Saturday conceded that there was "security and intelligence failure" in connection with the Mumbai terror attacks.
"I agree that security and intelligence failed," Chidambaram told reporters after visiting the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) railway station, one of the locations hit by terrorists last week.
There is ample evidence to link terror attacks to organisations or entities who have in the past been responsible for terror, he said.
There is a proposal to set up an intelligence agency at the national level similar to the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, he said.
There were some lapses in security, coastal or otherwise which need to be rectified, Chidambaram added.

Muslims cancel peace march in Mumbai: community leader

Mumbai's Islamic community, which suffered a disproportionately high number of victims in the militant attacks on the city last week, has cancelled a peace march planned for Friday.
Religious leaders said the march was set to take place after Friday prayers but was cancelled as a procession to mark one week after the bloody attacks had already taken place, said Ibrahim Tai, president of the Muslim Council Trust.
"We had already carried out a march on Wednesday and hence decided not to hold a fresh one," said Tai, referring to the mass rally by the Gateway of India, opposite the Taj Mahal hotel -- one of the main targets of the attacks.
The All-India Sunni Jamiat-ul-ulema called on the city's Muslims to join that rally, which used text messages to draw tens of thousands of people to convey their anger to the city's leaders.
Up to 30 percent of the 172 people who died during the 60-hour siege of the city by Islamist militant gunmen were Muslims, Muslim leaders have told AFP.
Around two million of Mumbai's estimated 19 million inhabitants are Muslim.
Many of the Muslim victims were among more than 50 people who died at Mumbai's central railway terminus when gunmen opened fire with automatic weapons and sprayed the cavernous building with bullets.
The gunmen were among 10 Islamists who launched coordinated attacks on the city on the evening of November 26, murdering people at about a dozen locations before laying siege to two luxury hotels and a Jewish prayer centre.
India has been joined by the US in blaming the Pakistan-based Islamist movement Laskhar-e-Taiba for training and equipping the militants.

Saif, Kareena vent anger against politicians

Saif Ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor are the latest Bollywood stars to criticise the government for failing to tackle terrorism and protect citizens. Both said they were "disgusted" with politicians "who provide no leadership" while arming themselves "with so many security guards".
The actors were busy shooting for Renzil D'Silva's untitled project in Philadelphia when the mayhem broke loose in Mumbai Nov 26.
“The government has failed us again. The BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) is advertising for votes while the bodies of the dead have not yet been cremated. Mr. (Narendra) Modi had offered Rs.10 million to the widow of Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) chief Hemant Karkare. The news has shaken the foundations of our city and destroyed our already shaky belief in our government's ability to protect us,” Saif wrote in a statement circulated to the media and signed by both.
Added Kareena: “I am disgusted with the so-called political leaders who provide no leadership and ironically surround themselves with so many security guards while doing little or nothing for the security of the people who have voted them to power.
Saif also slammed the terrorists for killing “innocent people” in the name of “god” or “religion”.

The couple offered commiseration for the families who suffered at the attacks and praised the police and media for their endeavours in tackling the situation.
“Saif and I would both like to offer our deepest condolences to all the bereaved families and I want to applaud the media for being pro-active and for being the force that is trying to unite the nation,” wrote Kareena.
Saif added: “I would like to thank the NSG (National Security Guard) and the Mumbai police who handled the situation so well with so little on their side in terms of equipment and support."

Betrayed & savaged

Forget that platitudinous naiveté: terrorism has no religion. And remember that simple truth: when you are within the firing range of the killer, religion offers little protection. Of the 59 dead in Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji station, 19 were Muslims. In death at least, there was no communal divide.
The killers were firing straight into the already scarred soul of India. They—10 jihadis from across the border and armed with AK-56s, bombs, RDX and 2,000 rounds of ammunition— came crossing the sea with one deadly agenda: a spectacular, prolonged assault on India, a rising power but known for its weakened resistance to forces that challenge its very existence. Mumbai, the emblematic city of India’s soaring ambition, was an obvious target. When the nation, scalded and poorer, regained consciousness after 60 hours of unsolicited hell, we expected a morethan-obvious rejoinder from those who are in charge of our national security. We were hit by a barrage of bunkum.

This one from P. Chidambaram, the newly anointed home minister and the Government’s hit man for all seasons: “This is a threat to the very idea of India, the very soul of India, we know, that we love—secular, plural, tolerant and open society. I have no doubt that ultimately the idea of India will triumph.” How perceptive. The minister has at last acknowledged that “there is a threat”. Thank you, but mouthing those seminarfriendly Indian qualities once more are of little use because blatant political expediency at the cost of national interest has already made those lofty sentiments empty banalities.
Is being tolerant, secular, plural and democratic an excuse for being a passive power where lives are cheaper? India is fast emerging as the safest country for the warriors of radical Islam, and it’s no longer an exaggeration when Mumbai or any other Indian city is considered safer than Kabul—or maybe as safe as Baghdad. Chidambaram has only tired rhetoric to offer. No answers.
Our politicians never get the message. The fury of a nation betrayed by its political class knows no bounds. Our discredited politicians are protected with the most sophisticated arms when the ordinary cops have only antiquated guns to save the citizens. Soon, the netas may have to be protected against their own people. When India erupted in rage, predictably, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, instead of facing the people as a war-time ruler, took refuge in tokenism.
The exit of Shivraj Patil, whose entire term as Union home minister was a prolonged dress rehearsal, could have only satisfied the most gullible, for he, no matter how effete, was the softest target. Really, how could you reduce the enormity of the Mumbai tragedy to the size of a Shivraj Patil? And his sacking was followed by the resignation of a political lightweight, Maharashtra deputy chief minister R.R. Patil, and then, after much dithering, chief minister Vilasrao Deshmukh.
There should have been more. Why were the powerful National Security Adviser M.K. Narayanan and his intelligence cabal consisting of the IB chief, the R&AW boss and the home secretary spared? Maybe their duties were more ‘political’ than ‘national’. Why were the top navy brass and the state’s senior bureaucrats and police officers let go unpunished? Because this Government is only interested in finding dispensable scapegoats.
This nauseating display of hogwash doesn’t mean that the predecessor was any better. Following the attack on Parliament, the NDA government made a lot of noise about teaching Pakistan a lesson but Washington’s word of caution prevailed. India asked for the repatriation of 20 dreaded criminals including Dawood Ibrahim but it did not even get one.
Seven years on, we haven’t come a long way. The moment the badly mauled UPA Government hinted at the possibility of an attack on terrorist camps in Pakistan, President George Bush, who is more concerned about America’s war on terror in which Islamabad is still an ally, sent his Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to the flashpoint on a peace mission.
Lesson: we are alone in our existential war; there won’t be an international coalition and Pakistan is not going to be India’s Afghanistan. That too despite the fact that Mumbai is not just another city; it’s one of the throbbing nerve points of the so-called flat world. The “twin towers” of the Taj and the Oberoi were—and will continue to be—global landmarks. Among the victims included 14 nationalities. The world was called Mumbai during those darkest hours. For Mumbai, though, there won’t be a global war on terror.
We are not politically prepared to wage our own war—and to defend the nation, which, in certain quarters, continues to be a bad word. And that is why Mumbai will not be India’s 9/11. On that September morning seven years ago, there was no red America and there was no blue America but there was only a nation united by grief, rage and patriotism. In the India after Mumbai, there is a frightening gap between national sentiment and political attitude.
A politically divided India cannot redeem the nation—or defend its people. We are condemned to be the permanent victims of jihad as well as a political class which has no sense of the nation. The popular consensus on asserting the national will is not matched by any political urgency in defeating the enemy. A nation abandoned by its ruling political class has become the most favoured target for the enemies of civilisation.

Bhujbal to be new Maharashtra Dy CM: Sharad Pawar
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) chief Sharad Pawar on Friday announced that senior party leader Chhagan Bhujbal will be the new Deputy chief minister of Maharashtra.
Chhagan Bhujbal, a prominent OBC leader will also handle the home ministry portfolio.
Bhujbal is return as Deputy Chief Minister after nearly five years, sources said.
It was initially mooted that Bhujbal would be made deputy chief minister and finance minister Jayant Patil would be given the home portfolio.
However, a large section of party legislators have voiced their opposition to the move, saying such an arrangement would dilute the deputy chief minister's post, the sources said.
The legislators pointed out that every incumbent in that post over the last decade has also been entrusted with the home portfolio simultaneously.
Bhujbal, who currently holds the PWD portfolio, had resigned as deputy chief minister in December 2003 after his supporters attacked a TV channel office.
NCP is a key partner in the Congress-led Democratic Front Government in the state.
On December 1, R R Patil had quit in the wake of Mumbai terror attacks. "I have submitted my resignation letter to chief minister Vilasrao Deshmukh. I have gone by my conscience and decided to take this step," Patil said.

India has proof of ISI role in Mumbai attacks: Sources
NEW DELHI: India has proof that the Inter Services Intelligence was involved in planning the Mumbai terror attacks and training the terrorists who killed more than 180 people during a 60-hour siege of the country's financial capital, sources said in New Delhi on Thursday.
The names of trainers and the places where meticulous training took place are also known to the government, the sources said. The United States is believed to have even more evidence, some of which it has shared with India, they said.
Chairman of US Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen, who was in Pakistan on Wednesday, is believed to have told his Pakistani interlocutors that Washington had enough evidence to show a Pakistani hand in the attack, the sources said.
Sources here also refuse to believe that the Pakistani army did not have knowledge of the Mumbai operation given that ISI is controlled by it. At the same time, sources do not believe that the civilian government in Pakistan is involved in the attack. In fact, one view is that the civilian government itself may be a target of the strike which may be used by the army to heighten tensions with India to return to power.
Washington has asked Pakistan to crackdown on Lashkar-e-Taiba, which now goes under the name of Jamaat-ud-Dawa, and to arrest its chief Hafiz Mohd Saeed because it has evidence of their involvement in the attack, the sources said.
The attack was planned, equipped and organised in Pakistan where the terrorists were trained and provided logistical support. Contrary to the version that the terrorists used a hijacked Indian fishing boat to reach Mumbai after sailing from Karachi, the view here is that much more sophisticated means were used. The sources spoke of a clear disconnect between the Pakistani civilian government and the all-powerful military establishment, which is causing difficulties for India in dealing with the situation.
Islamabad's about-turn on sending the Director General of ISI to India is cited as an instance of this disconnect. During a telephone conversation Prime Minister Manmohan Singh after the Mumbai attack, President Asif Zardari had referred to an earlier Pakistani proposal for a meeting between the ISI chief and the head of India's external intelligence agency, RAW. Singh told Zardari that this was acceptable to India, after which Pakistan government had announced that the ISI head would travel to India.
After a post-midnight call on Zardari by Army chief Gen Ashfaque Kayani this decision was reversed with the President taking cover under a "mis-communication" with the Indian prime minister. Instead it was decided to depute a Director-level officer to India. When the terror attack took place Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi was in India and had consciously decided not to cut short his visit. However, the Indian government was told at 2.30 am that a special aircraft was being sent less than 4 hours later to take him back to Pakistan.
In what observers see as a clear message to the civilian government, the Pakistan army chief's plane was sent to Delhi to pick up Qureshi, who boarded the flight around 7 am. The view here is that the Pakistan army is using the current developments as a way out of the difficult situation it faces in the areas bordering Afganistan where its writ does not run. Some 900 desertions are said to have taken place from the army.

Congress still mum on new Maharashtra CM
NEW DELHI: Senior Congress leaders Pranab Mukherjee and A K Antony had a meeting with party chief Sonia Gandhi on Friday morning but there was no
immediate word on the leadership issue in Maharashtra. Mukherjee sped past waiting mediapersons without answering any query. Last night in Mumbai, Congress failed to choose a successor to Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh, who quit in the wake of Mumbai terror attacks. Till last night when Mukherjee and Antony had held consultation on the issue in Mumbai, Maharashtra minister Ashok Chavan appeared to have an edge over his colleague Narayan Rane. Thereafter, the two leaders came to Delhi to report to Gandhi.